17:英検対策1級(Eiken Grade 1)

07: Eiken Grade 1 Vocabularies Lesson 7

Part 1: Vocabulary words

1. avid adjective [av-id]

showing an ardent interest in, enthusiasm for or desire in

◼ Example: She has always been an avid reader of John Grisham’s novels.
◻ Note: Avid, keen and eager all have the same sense of strong desire. Avid suggests a desire which is close to greed as to be unappeasable. Eager also implies a strong desire. It’s also impatient but not that overpowering. Keen, on the other hand, carries a sense of active and alert desire.

2. antagonistic adjective [an-tag-uh-nis-tik]

indicative of opposition, hostility, unfriendliness or resistance

◼ Example: His antagonistic personality will definitely have a huge effect on his plan of entering politics.
◻ Note: Name an actor who has always played antagonistic roles in movies.

3. arbitrary adjective [ahr-bi-trer-ee]

based on impulse, chance or whim and not by reason; based on one’s judgment or preference

◼ Example: We didn’t have enough time to plan things out, so we just made an arbitrary choice.
unreasonable and capricious

◼ Example: A law suit was filed against the agency for an arbitrary payment that they demanded from their clients.
◻ Note: This word comes from the Latin word ‘arbitrarius’, which means ‘depending on the will’ or ‘uncertain’.

4. belligerent adjective [buh-lij-er-uhnt]

apt to or eager to fight; hostile; with warlike character; aggressive

◼ Example: As the argument fired up, his mood turned more and more belligerent and no one would actually concede.
◻ Note: Belligerent can also be a noun. It pertains to a person, a state or a nation at war.

5. sinister adjective [sin-uh-ster]

suggesting harm, evil or trouble; wicked; disastrous

◼ Example: He stealthily made that move with a sinister purpose.
◻ Note: Benign and favorable are the opposite words of sinister.

6. blatantly adverb [bleyt-nt-lee]

done obviously; unpleasantly or noisily

◼ Example: If you want to reinforce someone’s good behavior, avoid blatantly ignoring his or her efforts.
◻ Note: Usually, blatant is confused with flagrant because they have overlapping meanings. They both attribute conspicuousness and offensiveness to certain acts. However, blatant stresses the failure to hide the act while flagrant stresses out the serious wrongdoing inherent in the offense.

7. bluntly adverb [bluhnt-lee]

in an abrupt or in a frank manner

◼ Example: He was reprimanded at work after bluntly talking with his boss about his complaints about the way he manages the operations.
◻ Note: Another term for this word is flat out.

8. curtly adverb [kurt-lee]

in an abrupt and discourteous manner; done in a brief way to the point of rudeness

◼ Example: They were curtly informed by the HR staff that they will be laid-off.
◻ Note: It comes from the Latin word ‘curtus’, which means to (cut) short or shortened.

9. aloof adjective [uh-loof]

apart or distant in feeling or interest either physically or emotionally

◼ Example: Even though they are aloof to each other, they still try to be civil during their rare encounters.
◻ Note: Why do you think some people are aloof?

10. apathetic adjective [ap-uh-thet-ik]

feeling or showing no or little emotion, interest or concern; indifferent

◼ Example: He gave him an apathetic look despite all his pleading.
◻ Note: What could make you apathetic towards someone?

Part 2: Exercise 1

Give the word being asked for each number.

◼ avid 

◼ antagonistic

◼ arbitrary 

◼ belligerent

◼ sinister

◼ blatantly 

◼ bluntly

◼ curtly 

◼ aloof

◼ apathetic

__________ 1. suggesting harm, evil or trouble; wicked; disastrous

__________ 2. in an abrupt and discourteous manner; done in a brief way to the point of rudeness

__________ 3. showing an ardent interest in, enthusiasm for or desire in

__________ 4. feeling or showing no or little emotion, interest or concern; indifferent

__________ 5. indicative of opposition, hostility, unfriendliness or resistance

__________ 6. in an abrupt or in a frank manner

__________ 7. apart or distant in feeling or interest either physically or emotionally

__________ 8. apt to or eager to fight; hostile; with warlike character; aggressive

__________ 9. done obviously; unpleasantly or noisily

__________ 10. unreasonable and capricious; based on impulse, chance or whim and not by reason; based on one’s judgment or preference

Part 2: Exercise 2

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences below.


1) During the meeting, he __________ stated that he couldn’t stand the system anymore and will quit the job without thinking twice. Some of his colleagues thought that it was so brave of him to act that way in opposition of the system, but some think it was so foolish of him because he badly needs his job.

a. avidly      

b. arbitrarily   

c. curtly      

d. belligerently

2) The release of raw data of the Secondary Entrance Assessment results via e-mail is considered a/an ___________ plot or an act of sabotage. The students' names, sex and the schools to which they were assigned were shown in the e-mail. They strongly suggest that people ignore the mail for it may be inaccurate or false.

a. sinister 

b. apathetic

c. blatant      

d. blunt

3) We were stricken by the fact that there actually is _____________ imposition of additional taxes even on basic goods that are considered to be life’s daily necessities. The public believes that this imposition is absolutely unreasonable and capricious.

a. an avid  

b. an arbitrary

c. a belligerent      

d. an aloof

4) The ___________ fans of their national football team were provoked by the opponent’s die-hard fans and during the tumult, the field was set on fire, leaving a lot of injured people including some football players.

a. avid

b. aloof

c. apathetic

d. blatant

5) Once and for all, the public has become overly __________ of the government; that was the upshot of the bashings made by the influential people in the media.

a. avid

b. arbitrary

c. apathetic

d. blunt

6) The jury was shocked when he ___________ confessed to the serial killings that he committed in the past 6 years. He didn’t even have any reservations when he revealed all the details that were too much to be heard.

a. bluntly

b. aloofly  

c. arbitrarily

d. sinisterly

7) It was discovered that the board __________ violated the law. Not consulting the county attorney brought them public embarrassment and criticism, which were magnified by the aggressive media.

a. avidly

b. arbitrarily   

c. blatantly  

d. aloofly

8) Diplomats from some countries in the west have quit negotiating with these __________ nations. No peace talks or reconciliatory treaties can ever appease their hostilities towards other countries because their demands are deemed to be unacceptable.

a. belligerent

b. blunt

c. curt 

d. blatant

9) The senator has built _____________ relationships with the rest of the people in the senate. He’s famous for always opposing the majority to the point of being illogical at times. There are even times that he takes it outside the senate and attacks his colleagues in interviews from the media.

a. arbitrary

b. sinister

c. antagonistic  

d. blunt

10) This country is known to be ___________ from other countries; that’s why they don’t form alliances even in the midst of war. Perhaps isolating itself from the world brought it to its most catastrophic fall.

a. aloof

b. blatant

c. avid

d. curt