難易度:初級

19:発音(Pronunciation)

01: PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL /S/

Activity I. Tongue Twister



Tongue Twister is a fun way to improve pronunciation. Let's practice!


Sally sells sea shells by the shiny sea shore


So she can see the shimmering silver ships

In sunshiny summers she strolls along the sea shore

Shoelessly splashing somersaults while she skips

Activity II. Articulation and Demonstration



PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL /S/

When speaking English, the final /s/ ending in the third person can have three different sounds:
a) /s/ as in sings;
b) /z/ as in tells; and
c) as an added/separate syllable, /iz/, as in watches

a) /s/ sound

Placement- the tip of the tongue is close to the gum behind the top teeth.
Manner - air flows between the tongue and the gum.
Voice- /s/ is a voiceless sound (no vibration)
Examples : lips, packs, slips (hint: sound of snake; ssss)


b) /z/ sound
Placement - the tip of the tongue is close to the gum behind the top teeth.
Manner - air flows between the tongue and the gum.
Voice - /z/ is voiced (place hand on throat to feel the vibration)
Examples : seems, scenes, moves (hint: sound of a bee; zzzz)


c) /iz/ sound
Placement and Manner - same as the /z/ sound with a short /i/ as in is: pronounced as a separate syllable /iz/
Voice - /iz/ is voiced
Examples : fixes, misses, garages



* Rules for using the correct sound of the final /s/:

Rule 1: When the last sound in the base word ends in a voiceless sound, use the voiceless ending /s/.
Rule 2: When the last sound in the base word ends in a voiced (vibrated) sound, use the voiced ending /z/.
Rule 3: When the last sound in the base word ends in /s/, /z/, /sh/, /ch/, /zh/, and /j/, use the voiced ending /iz/.

Activity III. Production Exercises



a. Direct students to listen and repeat the following words. Remind them to notice the contrasting sounds by placing their hand on their throat to feel the voiced vibration in /z/, as well as the separate syllable of /iz/:

/s/

/z/

/iz/

cats

arrives

discusses

looks

opens

charges

likes

seas

kisses

laughs

sees

entrances

stops

stays

freezes

lasts

marries

causes

wants

he’s

changes

paints

she’s

encourages

months

robes

catches

depths

tries

judges

 


b. Ask students to listen and repeat the following sentences, practicing the sounds of the final /s/:


The cats are noisy.
She arrives home late.
The early bird catches the worm.
She has been away for months.
The seas are crystal clear.
The judges are fair.
She laughs out loud.
He has a lot of robes.
Mrs. Perez gave me a gift check.
Her lips are red.
The waves are gigantic.
A real friend encourages.